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| 1142 |
| | | The great castle of Krak des Chevaliers is built in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem by the Knights of St John | |
|  | Krak des Chevaliers
Fotofile CG
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| 1144 |
| | | The city of Edessa is captured by Zangi, a Mameluke general, in the first setback for the crusaders in the Middle East | |
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| 1154 |
| | | The inhabitants of Damascus surrender their city to Nur ed-Din, helping him greatly in his campaign against the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem | |
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| c. 1275 |
| | | The Mamelukes control Palestine and Syria, bringing the region securely back into Muslim hands | |
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| 1799 |
| | | Napoleon leads a costly, unsuccessful and plague-ridden expedition against the Turkish garrisons in Syria | |
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| 1916 |
| | | Britain and France sign the secret Sykes-Picot Agreement, dividing up spheres of influence in the Middle East | |
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| 1918 October 1 |
| | | After a victory at the historic battle site of Megiddo, Allenby captures the city of Damascus | |
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| 1920 |
| | | A national congress in Damascus proclaims Faisal king of an independent Syria | |
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| 1920 |
| | | French intervention in Syria forces Faisal off the throne and out of the country | |
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| 1920 May |
| | | League of Nations mandates give France responsibility for Syria and Lebanon | |
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